River mouths are called estuaries
extended notes
Estuarine protection is described as a form of environmental conservation that seeks to reconcile, in theory, the balance among preservation, wise persistent use, and development.
Conservation contrasted with preservation | Geography | Keystone species defined | ecocentric | coastal conflicts
The terms you need to know and use in essays.
Complete guide to the Siry book
Marshes of the Ocean Shore: Development of an Ecological Ethic
8, Politics and The Preservation of Estuaries
"The pejorative implications of The words morass, slough, muck and miasma still associated with wetlands need no comment, These terms are common synonyms for obstruction, nuisance and disease. Yet as part of The national 'battle to preserve The common estate,' coastal marshes and tidal flats became The focus of a major drive for The protection of natural resources during The late 1950s."
Idea that species on which many wildlife depend are essential for the health of ecosystems and humans; for which reasons they ought to be protected.
The National Estuary Protection Act, 1968
Key Players
Review of Chapter Eight's main points:
National Battle to preserve the common estate
Many estuaries were the places where the nation was growing the fastest."The first principle of conservation is development,"
Gifford Pinchot (Chief forester of US, Governor of Pennsylvania.)
denying the individual the right to harm the public or damage public good
preservation of wildlife habitat and scenic beauty
ecocentric approach to protection, LBJ called, the "new conservation," in 2-8-1965, speech
Average density of the US versus coastal areas where density increased sharplyBranches of government supportAnne Simon, 53% of the nation lived near the lakes or seashores
Southern California and Chesapeake Bay density comparisons from 3980 to 940 persons/ sq mile
per capita demands for water and resources by industrial consumption
recreational demand
fixed tax base
increase in uses of cement
electricity and power plant siting near water
water quality decline
Stewart Udall's The Quiet Crisis, Secretary of the Interior, from Arizona 1961-68.National backgroundThree waves of conservation reform, were distinguished:Congressional support in Senate and House
- Theodore Roosevelt, Gifforb Pinchot & W.J. McGee: "conservation" as to stop wasting scarce resources and apply wise use for the benefit of all.
- Franklin Roosevelt, Harold Ickes: Soil, water, flood control, fishery & wildlife protection based on comprehensive planning among agencies.
- John Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson the ecological persppective used to balance the clash between preservation (19th Century) and conservation (20th Century).
Supreme Court decisions
Justice Douglas on planning and zoning, support for
Douglas call for "A Wilderness Bill of Rights"
estuarine preservation ideal was being translated into policies and needed lawsRegional needs from West, East and Gulf coasts were similar
California and Bay Area of San Francisco transportation planning triggered regional concerns
ABAG, Association of Bay Area GovernmentsBoston and Chesapeake Bay parallel developmentArmy Corps of Engineers and filling in of San Francisco Bay
Bodega Bay and the nuclear plant proposal on the San Andreas fault zone
Save San Francisco Bay Association
Corps violated the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1934
State pressured to create a regional planning body: BCDC Bay Conserv ation and Development Commission, June 1965
1970, Proposition 20, called for amending the State Constitution to allow for Coastal Protection
1952 Conservation Department of the State of NYCarson's Silent SpringCrisis of Long Island wetlands and coastal dredge and fill operations
Oyster Bay, Town of Hempstead. 29% of LI wetlands were lost in 10 years (1954-64)
New York City flight to suburbs, Nassua county tripled in population in 30 years
Affects of toxic DDT in Long Island Marshes, George Woodwell
Storm King Electrical Facility & Indian Point nuclear plantboth were on the Hudson River and the reactor was near the river's spawning grounds of striped bass
